phos·pha·tase [ fósfə tàyss, fósfə tàyz ] (phos·pha·tas·es)
noun
Definition:
enzyme acting on phosphoric acid: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters and the transfer of phosphate groups
磷脂酶 可將磷脂分解成脂肪酸 ，鹼性磷酶(alkaline phosphatase)，舉凡在鹼性的環境下，催化水解有機磷脂的酶，全都叫做鹼性磷酶。
引起蛋白質磷酸化的酵素為激酶(kinase),去磷酸化的酵素則為磷酸鹽酶(phosphatase)
Phosphorus availability may be the most limiting factor to plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems
(Attiwill and Adams, 1993; Chapin et al., 1994). It is at marginal or limiting amounts in pinyon±juniper eco-
systems dominated by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little) (Tiedemann, 1987). Much of the
plant demand for phosphorus is met by cycling of phosphorus in organic matter (Attiwill, 1980; Attiwill
and Adams, 1993). Since plants utilize only inorganic phosphorus (Stevenson, 1986), organic phosphorus
compounds must ®rst be hydrolyzed by phosphatases which mostly originate from plant roots, fungi and soil
microorganisms. Phosphatases measured in soils re¯ect the activity of enzymes bound to soil colloids and humic substances, free phosphatases in the soil solution, and phosphatases associated with living and dead plant or microbial cells (Skujins, 1976; Nannipieri et al., 1990).
Phosphatase enzymes can be a good indicator of the organic phosphorus mineralization potential and bio-
logical activity of soils (Speir and Ross, 1978; Dick and Tabatabei, 1993). Phosphatase activity is related
to soil and vegetation conditions (Ho, 1979; Herbien and Neal, 1990), responds to changes in management
(Adams, 1992; Clarholm, 1993), and can be related to seasonal changes in soil temperature and moisture
(Harrison, 1983; Dormaar et al., 1984; Speir and Cowling, 1991). However, much of the phosphatase
research is based on a single sampling date and ignores
the dynamics of phosphatase relative to other soil factors over time.
Attiwill, P.M., Adams, M.A., 1993. Nutrient cycling in forests. New
Phytologist 124, 561±582.
Chapin III, F.S., Walker, L.R., Fastie, C.L., Sharman, L.C., 1994.
Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at
Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecological Monographs 64, 149±175.
Tiedemann, A.R., 1987. Nutrient accumulations in pinyon±juniper
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Attiwill, P.M., 1980. Nutrient cycling in a Eucalyptus obliqua
(L'Herit.) forest. IV. Nutrient uptake and nutrient return.
Australian Journal of Botany 28, 199±222.
Stevenson, J.J., 1986. Cycles of soil: C, N, P, S, Micronutrients.
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Skujins, J., 1976. Extracellular enzymes in soil. CRC Critical
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Nannipieri, P., Grego, S., Ceccanti, B., 1990. Ecological signi®cance
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293±355.
Speir, T.W., Ross, D.J., 1978. Soil phosphatase and sulphatase. In:
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197±215.
Dick, W.A., Tabatabai, M.A., 1993. Signi®cance and potential uses
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Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 95±125.
Ho, I., 1979. Acid phosphatase activity in forest soil. Forest Science
25, 567±568.
Herbien, S.A., Neal, J.L., 1990. Soil pH and phosphatase activity.
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 21, 439±456.
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